|
This fan will fly up at the height of a few meters, like a real helicopter, if you twist it in your hands. |
|
|
Military transport aeroplanes or passenger planes operating on short distances are powered by similar propellers. While jet planes fly at high altitudes of 10-11 km where the air is thinner and resistance is smaller, turbo-prop planes have to fly at lower altitudes, e.g. 5 km, where the air is dense enough for the propellers. |
|
Big wind turbines provide electricity. In Denmark more than 10% of electricity is produced by wind turbines. Contrary to popular belief, wind turbines are quite efficient. Their efficiency of transforming wind energy into electricity is around 15%. It seems that even a small turbine can provide enough electricity for a number of households. There are a lot of wind farms in mountainous regions of Spain and on plains of Germany. |
|
|
People have been using wind energy ever since the beginning of history. Can you imagine Holland without windmills? Modern windmills change the landscape, they are still expensive, but they generate a considerable amount of power. |
|
|
|
|
Assuming that the density of air is ρ=1,3 g/dm3 = 1,3 kg/m3, and the velocity of wind is v = 10 m/s (quite strong, but 'acceptable') the mass of the air blowing within 1 second over the base of a cylinder of a radius of R = 10 m is equal to M = πR2vρ=4000 kg, and its kinetic energy amounts to ca. 200 kJ. Supposing the efficiency of transforming the energy of the air flow into power is 15% (due to the fact that after passing the windmill the air still flows with some velocity) we can establish that a single windmill generates a power of 30 kW. An average household has a contract with electricity board which guarantees the maximum power consumption of 3 kW, but even if a washing machine, and a refrigerator and TV set are on, power consumption amounts to ca. 2 kW. |
|
|
|
|
In other words, one modern windmill provides power for a small block of flats. |
|