This is a glass armchair with two not miscible liquids of two different densities inside; the top liquid is colourless and the bottom one coloured blue. On the surface of the blue liquid, two small penguins are floating. Their mass has been matched so that they do not drown.

The shape and size of the penguins depend on from which side of the armchair we look at them; the penguins aren't deformed only in the vertical direction.

The liquid at the bottom has a smaller index of refraction, hence we observe the phenomenon of total internal refraction, as is the case of underwater photographs.

A hexagonal blue box (a pen holder) gives us examples of both refraction and internal reflection. Each of the three images of the pink penguin in the second picture is a different reflection sent back by a different side of the prism. It is easy to establish by analysing the penguin's positioning: the first image from the middle is in profile, second is in three-quarter and the third is an en face - both eyes can be seen.

The 'ice' at the bottom is the thicker liquid on whose surface the penguins are floating It has a lower refractive index, what we observe is therefore the total internal reflection effect, as in underwater pictures.

And now count the boats. How many are there: 7? 8? 9?

And here is a similar, green hexagonal pen box, but is has a cylindrical aperture in the middle. The internal reflection, refraction effects and inside dispersing lens effect make this toy even more complicated than the blue pen holder.