How it is known that cottage cheese (quarks) exists in the casein soup (gluons) if it is not possible to take them out? From experiments about collisions: if something is not visible it means that it is over there!
Like on the photos below the jets of particles from the accelerator in Hamburg.
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Continous traces of particles are correspond
to charged particles, dashed traces to neutral ones.
Photo from DESY accelerator ("Scientific American")
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Two traces of the families of particles appearing during electron-positron collisions. They suggest existence of the quarks: from annihilation of e- i e+ highly energetic gamma quanta are formed converting then into a quark and anti-quark pair. |
Three families of the traces show presence of the gluon created after collision. |