1. Infrared absorption spectroscopy allows to identification particular function groups in chemical substances - vibrational frequencies of certain atom groups depends on their mass and kind of the chemical bond, similar to vibrational frequencies of the mechanic oscillator dependence on the spring elasticity constant
2. Mass spectroscopy - allows to determine ratio of charge to mass of chemical substances or their fragments (after previous ionization); in order to avoid significant fragmentation during the ionization, for complicated substances the proton transfer or electrospray ionization techniques are used.
3. Liquid chromatography - it is a segregation of the substance due to different diffusion speed in liquid column (or gas - gas chromatography).
Infrared spectra analysis of the situla contents
(cup with a shape of sheep's head) and remains of food from ceramic plate.
Liquid chromatograph of the remains of the food. In window mass spectroscopy spectrum.
From: Nature, 1999, see the main page
Liquid chromatograph of the remains of the food. In window mass spectroscopy spectrum.
From: Nature, 1999, see the main page