How one can see an electron?


It is difficult to see something with dimensions 2.82×10-15 m or less*. But sometimes one can succeed  – observing not exactly an electron but its path – an orbital. What was untill recently only a mathematic formula, a probability plot or just an artistic “shadowing”.

Now with the help of precisely planned experiments on X-ray scattering takes a shape of the real d-orbital - a coloured bagel with "ears".

orbitals

Moreover, ultrafast lasers (there are several in Milano) allow to trace the electron motion after being ejected from an atom in an ultra short time (10-18 s).krypton-ion

The theory shows, that such electrons, for example coming from ionization process - ejected from a hydrogen atom during collisions or detached from HCl- anion HCl behave similar to waves on the water surface, when a drop falls on it kropla


*the so-called classical electron radius, determined with assumption that all the mass of electron comes  from its electrostatic energy (and with using Einstein’s formula E=mc2)