Bose - Einstein condensation


1. Trapping

Trapping of electrically neutral particles ("shallow" magnetic trap)

2. Optical cooling

melasa

 

Cooling of for example "ruby" atom (Rb) in photons "molasses" (polystyrene  balls here)

3. Enforced cooling

Cooling without evaporation

Cooling with evaporation

Enforced cooling (with hot air)


Cooling speeds comparison (circles - cooling without evaporation, squares - cooling with evaporation, triangles - enforced cooling)